1. What is a Pipe Size and Flow Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the required pipe diameter based on the flow rate and flow velocity using the continuity equation.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and designers select the appropriate pipe size for fluid transport systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( D \) — Pipe diameter (meters)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( V \) — Flow velocity (m/s)
• \( \pi \) — Pi constant (~3.1416)

Explanation: The formula calculates the minimum pipe diameter needed to maintain a specified flow velocity for a given flow rate.

3. Importance of Pipe Sizing

Details: Proper pipe sizing ensures efficient fluid transport, prevents excessive pressure drops, and minimizes energy costs while avoiding overly large pipes that waste materials.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in m³/s and desired flow velocity in m/s (default 1.0 m/s). Typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s depending on application.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical flow velocity for water pipes?
A: For water supply, 0.5-2.5 m/s is common, with 1-1.5 m/s being optimal for most applications.

Q2: How do I convert flow rate from L/s to m³/s?
A: Divide liters per second by 1000 (1 L/s = 0.001 m³/s).

Q3: What if I need the diameter in inches or mm?
A: Multiply meters by 39.37 for inches or 1000 for millimeters.

Q4: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this gives theoretical diameter. Actual design should consider friction, elevation changes, and other factors.

Q5: What velocity is too high?
A: Generally above 3 m/s may cause erosion, noise, or excessive pressure drops in water systems.