1. What is Pipe Flow with Head Pressure Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate through a pipe or orifice using Torricelli's equation based on head pressure.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians determine fluid flow rates in systems with known head pressure and pipe cross-section.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Torricelli's equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• \( h \) — Head pressure (meters of fluid column)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (m²)

Explanation: The equation calculates theoretical flow rate by considering the potential energy from the head pressure converting to kinetic energy.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate estimation is crucial for system design, pump sizing, and ensuring proper fluid transport in pipelines.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the head pressure in meters, pipe cross-sectional area in m², and gravity (default 9.81 m/s²). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is head pressure?
A: Head pressure is the height of a fluid column that creates pressure at its base, measured in meters.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, use \( A = \pi \times r^2 \) where r is the radius in meters.

Q3: Does this account for friction losses?
A: No, this is the theoretical maximum flow. Actual flow will be less due to pipe friction and other losses.

Q4: Can I use this for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the head (h) must be expressed in meters of the specific fluid column.

Q5: What's the practical application?
A: Useful for designing water systems, calculating flow from tanks, or sizing pipes in hydraulic systems.