1. What is Flow Rate in a Pipe?

Definition: Flow rate (Q) is the volume of fluid passing through a pipe per unit time, measured in cubic meters per second (m³/s).

Purpose: This calculation is essential for designing plumbing systems, irrigation, industrial piping, and hydraulic systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (m³/s)
• \( r \) — Pipe radius (meters)
• \( V \) — Fluid velocity (meters/second)
• \( \pi \) — Pi (approximately 3.14159)

Explanation: The formula calculates the cross-sectional area of the pipe (πr²) and multiplies it by the fluid velocity to determine volume per second.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Proper flow rate calculation ensures adequate water supply, proper system sizing, energy efficiency, and prevents pipe damage from excessive velocity.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pipe radius in meters and fluid velocity in m/s. For diameter measurements, divide by 2 to get radius. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical water velocity in pipes?
A: Domestic plumbing: 0.5-2 m/s. Industrial pipes: 1-3 m/s. Higher velocities increase noise and friction losses.

Q2: How do I measure pipe radius?
A: Measure the internal diameter and divide by 2. For existing pipes, consult manufacturer specifications.

Q3: Does this work for any fluid?
A: Yes, but the velocity must be appropriate for the specific fluid (viscosity affects maximum recommended velocity).

Q4: How to convert to other units?
A: For liters/second: multiply by 1000. For gallons/minute: multiply by 15850.32.

Q5: What if my pipe isn't circular?
A: Use different formulas for rectangular or other shaped ducts (area calculation changes).