1. What is a Gravity Fed Water Pipe Flow Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the flow rate of water through a pipe under gravity using Torricelli's approximation.

Purpose: It helps engineers, plumbers, and DIYers determine water flow in gravity-fed systems like water towers, rainwater collection, or irrigation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Torricelli's formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Flow rate (cubic meters per second)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• \( h \) — Head height (vertical distance from water surface to outlet)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of the pipe
• \( C \) — Discharge coefficient (accounts for friction losses)

Explanation: The formula calculates theoretical flow rate based on potential energy conversion to kinetic energy.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate estimation ensures proper system design, adequate water supply, and correct pipe sizing.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), head height in meters, pipe area in m², and discharge coefficient (default 0.62 for sharp-edged orifices). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient?
A: It accounts for energy losses. Typical values: 0.62 for sharp-edged orifices, 0.8 for well-rounded inlets, 0.97 for very smooth pipes.

Q2: How do I calculate pipe area?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi \times r² \) where r is radius. For 10cm diameter pipe: radius = 0.05m, area ≈ 0.00785 m².

Q3: Does this account for pipe friction?
A: Only partially through the discharge coefficient. For long pipes, consider Darcy-Weisbach equation for more accuracy.

Q4: What is head height?
A: The vertical distance from the water surface to the center of the outlet pipe.

Q5: Can I use this for pressurized systems?
A: No, this is specifically for gravity-fed systems. For pressurized systems, use different equations like Hazen-Williams.