1. What is Flow Loss in Pipe?

Definition: Flow loss (pressure drop) in pipes is the reduction in pressure as fluid flows through a pipe due to friction and other factors.

Purpose: This calculator helps engineers and designers determine the pressure loss in piping systems for proper system design and pump selection.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Darcy-Weisbach equation:

Where:

• \( \Delta P \) — Pressure loss (Pascals)
• \( f \) — Darcy friction factor (dimensionless)
• \( L \) — Pipe length (meters)
• \( D \) — Pipe diameter (meters)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( V \) — Flow velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The equation calculates the energy loss due to friction between the fluid and the pipe walls.

3. Importance of Pressure Loss Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure loss calculations ensure proper system performance, adequate pump sizing, and energy efficiency in fluid transport systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the friction factor (typically 0.01-0.05 for turbulent flow), pipe dimensions, fluid properties, and flow velocity. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I determine the friction factor?
A: For turbulent flow, use Moody chart or Colebrook equation. For smooth pipes and Re > 4000, f ≈ 0.02 is often reasonable.

Q2: What's a typical fluid density?
A: Water at 20°C is 998 kg/m³, seawater ≈ 1025 kg/m³, air at 20°C ≈ 1.2 kg/m³.

Q3: How does pipe material affect results?
A: Material affects friction factor. Rougher materials (cast iron) have higher f than smooth (copper, plastic).

Q4: What velocity is typical in pipes?
A: Water systems: 1-3 m/s, HVAC: 2-5 m/s, compressed air: 6-10 m/s depending on pressure.

Q5: Can this be used for gases?
A: Yes, but for compressible gases with significant pressure drop, more complex calculations are needed.