Density of Water at Temperature Calculator

Water Density Formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{999.8395 + 16.945176 \times T - 7.9870401 \times 10^{-3} \times T^2 - 46.170461 \times 10^{-6} \times T^3 + 105.56302 \times 10^{-9} \times T^4 - 280.54253 \times 10^{-12} \times T^5}{1 + 16.87985 \times 10^{-3} \times T} \]

Water Density (kg/m³):

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1. What is the Density of Water at Temperature Calculator?

Definition: This calculator computes the precise density of water at a given temperature using an established empirical formula.

Purpose: It helps scientists, engineers, and students determine water density for experiments, industrial processes, and academic studies.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the precise formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{999.8395 + 16.945176 \times T - 7.9870401 \times 10^{-3} \times T^2 - \cdots}{1 + 16.87985 \times 10^{-3} \times T} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Density of water (kg/m³)
\( T \) — Water temperature (°C)

Explanation: This polynomial formula provides highly accurate water density values between 0°C and 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Water density varies with temperature, affecting buoyancy, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and many industrial processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the water temperature in °C (0-100°C range). The calculator will provide density in kg/m³ with high precision.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the density of water at 4°C?
A: Water reaches its maximum density of approximately 999.972 kg/m³ at 4°C.

Q2: How accurate is this formula?
A: This formula is accurate to within 0.0001 kg/m³ for pure water at standard pressure.

Q3: Does this work for saltwater?
A: No, this formula is for pure water. Saltwater requires additional salinity parameters.

Q4: Why does water density change with temperature?
A: Temperature affects water's molecular spacing due to thermal expansion/contraction.

Q5: What's the practical application of this calculation?
A: Used in engineering (hydraulic systems), oceanography, chemistry, and any field dealing with precise water measurements.