Density Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the density of a material at a given temperature based on its reference density and thermal expansion coefficient.
Purpose: It helps engineers and scientists account for density changes due to thermal expansion in various applications.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula accounts for volume expansion with temperature, which inversely affects density.
Details: Accurate density calculations at varying temperatures are crucial for fluid dynamics, material science, and thermal system design.
Tips: Enter the reference density, thermal expansion coefficient (default 0.0002/°C for many liquids), current temperature, and reference temperature (default 20°C).
Q1: What's a typical thermal expansion coefficient?
A: For liquids, β ≈ 0.0002/°C; for gases, it's much higher (≈0.00366/°C for ideal gases).
Q2: Why does density change with temperature?
A: Most materials expand when heated (increasing volume), which decreases density since mass remains constant.
Q3: Is this formula valid for all materials?
A: It works well for liquids and isotropic solids, but some materials may require more complex models.
Q4: What if my material contracts when heated?
A: Some materials (like water below 4°C) have negative β values - just enter the appropriate coefficient.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It's accurate for moderate temperature ranges where β remains constant. For large ranges, higher-order terms may be needed.